Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with the exposure that causes damage to the brain by altering its physiological resting place. Causes are varied and can include domestic violence, traffic accidents, traumatic sports such as soccer or boxing, violence, participation in military activities (Traumatic brain injury, n.d.; Carlson & Birkett, 2020; McCarron et al., 2019), and other causes. Despite the variability of reasons, they all can result in bruising, concussion, bleeding, or other clinical signs of TBI.
Symptoms
TBI can be characterized by two conditions: open and closed injuries, depending on the presence of a penetrating wound. Symptoms of TBI are deficits associated with the loss of some brain function (Carlson & Birkett, 2020). For example, cognitive deficiency is associated with impaired mental health and consciousness and may manifest as coma, memory impairment, and decreased mental alertness (Traumatic brain injury, n.d.). In addition, internal bleeding may be caused by compression of brain vessels, resulting in changes in pressure and internal environment parameters (pH, ion concentrations). High rates of epilepsy and seizures should also be noted (Carlson & Birkett, 2020), as well as emotional difficulties (Vanderploeg et al., 2019). Symptoms of TBI are usually obvious and have a substantial impact on health, so early detection is one of the goals of treatment.
Treatment
Treatment for a brain injury can include a variety of ways to restore lost functions associated with brain damage. For example, one area of therapy is cognitive rehabilitation, which can be done by influencing the individual through social contact and behavioral therapy (McCarron et al., 2019). Other treatments include recovery and management of post-concussion symptoms (PCS), the control of which comprises mental health management (Vanderploeg et al., 2019). Each brain injury case must be considered separately with an analysis of the incident conditions, followed by determining treatment tactics.
References
Carlson, N. R., & Birkett, M. A. (2020). Foundations of behavioral neuroscience. (10th ed.). Pearson Higher.
McCarron, K. K., Dasgupta, M. K., Campbell, C. A., Hull, A. E., Namazi, S., Adams, A. H., Allen, N. J., Bloeser, K. J., Thomas, L. A., Reinhard, M. J., Scholten, J. D., & Schwartz, B. L. (2019). Social rehabilitation for military veterans with traumatic brain injury, psychological trauma, and chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms: Intervention development and initial outcomes. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 42(3), 296–304. Web.
Traumatic brain injury. (n.d.). Hopkins Medicine. Web.
Vanderploeg, R. D., Belanger, H. G., Curtiss, G., Bowles, A. O., & Cooper, D. B. (2019). Reconceptualizing rehabilitation of individuals with chronic symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 64(1), 1–12. Web.