Coronary Artery Disease
Before identifying risk factors and causes of the coronary artery disease, it is crucial to understand the peculiarities of it. Remarkably, it is a cardiovascular disease that can negatively influence blood in the human organism (Alizadehsani et al., 2019). The most challenging issue is the worsening of the work of coronary arteries, which are responsible for tracking the oxygen to the heart (Zeymer et al., 2019). Therefore, when the organism is under coronary artery disease, the blood circulation and its composition regarding oxygen can be significantly changed. It is essential to highlight that coronary artery disease can impact and worsen a person’s health and cause irreversible results.
Particular Negative Outcomes
There are many adverse outcomes which can be because of the high stages of coronary artery disease and the lack of appropriate treatment. For example, as Zeymer et al. (2019) state, “potential outcomes from CAD include major adverse CV events (MACE; CV death, MI, and stroke), heart failure, hospitalization…” (p. 3). Therefore, this disease is dramatically dangerous for people and should be treated as promptly as possible.
Relevance of pathology – Morbidity, Mortality, Healthcare Costs, Personal Costs
Morbidity
Coronary artery disease has a significant impact on people’s lives in terms of morbidity and mortality. One should highlight that among the abovementioned outcomes, CAD can usually cause such illnesses as angina, which will only worsen the patient’s situation (Brown et al., 2020). In addition, it is essential to consider specific statistics that show the relevance of this disease and its spread worldwide. According to Zeymer et al. (2019), “based on GBD study estimates, the global prevalence of CAD was 154 million in 2016, representing 32.7% of the global burden of CV disease” (p. 2). It confirms the actuality of this disease and the necessity to act to find helpful treatment.
Mortality and Costs
In addition to the morbidity of CAD, one should stress its mortality. To do it, it is essential to remember that this disease directly influences the entire blood circulation and the heart’s work in the human body. Therefore, this illness’s adverse outcomes, including death, are typical. However, in many cases, it is even impossible to identify specific symptoms of CAD. Another study described by Fujii et al. (2019) has shown that a significant number of patients did not show any specific symptoms of CAD, which is about 50% (Fujii et al., 2019). Consequently, the treatment of CAD can be complex not only because of the danger of the disease but also due to the lack of particular instruments to identify it. In addition, CAD is dramatically expensive both for healthcare and personal costs. It requires spending on diagnosis, treatment, and approaches regarding patient lifestyle changes.
Etiology and Risk Factors
One of the major causes of the disease and, therefore, people under risk factors are genetic and lifestyle issues. It is essential to stress that, for example, smoking can significantly increase the potential development of coronary artery disease (Zeymer et al., 2019). Therefore, while providing the appropriate treatment, the doctor should profoundly research the habits and lifestyle of the patients in order to exclude particular negative actions. In addition, as stated earlier, the significant impact of CAD development can cause genetic issues (Alizadehsani, 2019). The history of the patient’s family should be explored to identify whether there were relatives with heart disease. If the answer is yes, then the healthcare providers should understand that chances for CAD emergence are higher (Brown et al., 2020). Therefore, many risk factors and etiological issues can cause coronary artery disease.
References
Alizadehsani, R., Abdar, M., Rosahnzamir, M., Khosravi, A., Kebria, P. M., Khozeimeh, F., Nahavandi, S., Sarrafzadegan, N., & Acharya, U. R. (2019). Machine learning-based coronary artery disease diagnosis: A comprehensive review. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 111. Web.
Brown, J. C., Gerhardt, T. E., & Kwon, E. (2020). Risk factors for coronary artery disease. StatPearls Publishing. Web.
Fujii, H., Kono, K., & Nishi, S. (2019). Characteristics of coronary artery disease in chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol, 23, 725–732. Web.
Zeymer, U., Briere, J. B., Marre, C., Bowrin, C., & Huelsebeck, M. (2019). Burden of coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease: A literature review. Hindawi, 1-9. Web.